10 University of California Publications in Anatomy [^^ol. 2 



portion of the temporal lobe, or perhaps occupies the entire temporal 

 lobe (Wernicke, Monakow), has gradually receded before the belief in 

 a narrow and perhaps sharply delimited area, confined by some inves- 

 tigators to the superior temporal convolution (Ferrier-Turner), by 

 others to the transverse temporal convolution of Heschl (Probst, 

 Quensel, Wenderowic), and by yet others reduced to a portion of the 

 anterior transverse temporal convolution (Flechsig, 1908, 1920, 1927; 

 Henschen, 1918, 1919 ; R. A. Pfeifer, 1920). Such a reduction of the 

 auditory projection area, the cortical representation of the papilla 

 basilaris of the cochlea, to a mere fraction of the temporal cortex is 

 clearly in disagreement with the delimitation made by students of 

 cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture (Brodmanu, Mauss, Vogt, 

 Economo-Koskinas, Beck). The relation between fiber anatomy on 

 the one hand and cytoarchitecture and myeloarcliitecture on the other 

 with respect to the "primary" region of the auditory cortical sphere 

 is the reverse of the situation which we have described with respect 

 to the somatic sensory cortex. Whereas cytoarchitecture and myelo- 

 architecture show that the somatic sensory cortex is smaller than is 

 claimed by fiber anatomy, the auditory projection cortex of the 

 students of cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture is much larger 

 than is admitted by the students of fiber anatomy. Nor have clinical 

 and experimental investigations clarified this problem except to show 

 the approximate location of the auditory "centre" (which, incident- 

 ally, has been done in a much more precise way by the anatomical 

 studies of FlecLsig, Vogt and R. A. Pfeifer) ; this is true of the recent 

 clinical investigations (e.g., Kleist, 1928) which claim a multiple 

 cortical representation of the cochlea (a conception similar to Mona- 

 kow 's and Goldstein's view on the cortical projection of the retina, 

 especially of the macula), likewise of those of Bomstein (1930) which 

 lack the necessary anatomical control, and of the experimental ana- 

 tomical investigations of Minkowski (1923-24). Clearly the opinions 

 of various investigators concerning the extent of the auditory pro- 

 jection cortex are contradictory: the cortical area receiving direct 

 impulses from the subcortical cochlear nuclei is either a small, sharply 

 delimited region, or it occupies a wide portion, or perhaps the entire 

 temporal lobe. In this respect the myelogenetic method does not give 

 a full guarantee that nothing besides the anterior transverse temporal 

 convolution belongs to the auditory projection cortex in the adult 

 brain. Of the results of cytoarchitectural investigations, the statement 

 made with reference to the somatic sensory "Konicortex" holds true. 



