HUMAN RACIAL RESPONSES 



KLEIBER: I was tempted to conclude that these college students 

 had a non-shivering metabolic increase, but this is a dangerous 

 conclusion. 



JOHANSEN: I was thinking of the rather profound seasonal 

 changes in BMR that Yoshimura has reported for his Japanese sub- 

 jects. Is this not out of proportion with what has been found in other 

 populations? 



MILAN: Yes. Professor Yoshimura said, when he was here, 

 that he tried to do his studies under strict basal conditions, and 

 I think the Japanese spend more time and efforts on their measure- 

 ments of basal metabolism than we do. 



PROSSER; WouM you conclude that these higher BMRs in the 

 Eskimos are not related to specific dynamic action? 



MILAN: I should hesitate to conclude anything. I know only that 

 the experiments of Rodahl (1952) indicated that the high Eskimo 

 BMR was related to the high protein diet and possibly the specific 

 dynamic action of this diet. However, the recent experiments of 

 MacHattie et al. (1960) which investigated the 24 hour metabolism 

 of the Anaktuvuk Eskimos seem to indicate otherwise. Heat produc- 

 tion and the energy fraction contributed by catabolism of carbohy- 

 drate, fat and protein were determined by indirect calorimetry and 

 measurements of urinary nitrogen. They reported no correlation 

 between the rate of night metabolism and the amount of protein or 

 fat fuel energy fraction and suggested that other factors than specific 

 dynamic action were involved as the cause of the elevated resting 

 metabolism of these people. 



HANNON; In your particular experiments the BMRs are meas- 

 ured after 5 days on a hospitaldiet. Therefore if the elevated meta- 

 bolic rate is due to a specific dynamic action it would seem to have 

 lasted over a period of 5 days. 



HART: I wanted to ask about this, too, because we had some 

 occasion from our Eskimo studies at Pangnirtung to see long last- 

 ing effects even on somepeople who are living on a white man's diet 



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