April, 1922 a new type of bryozoan gizzard 161 



opment. The teeth also vary much in form, size, number and 

 the angle at which they project. 



The difference in the structure of the gizzard affords addi- 

 tional evidence for the separation of the family Buskiidse from 

 Vesiculariidse, the other family in which a gizzard is known to 

 occur. That Buskia represents a higher specialization in the 

 formation of a grinding organ can scarcely be doubted. There 

 are other evidences of a more highly specialized condition in the 

 greatly elongated and spiral arrangement of the bristles sup- 

 porting the collar and in the mode of branching, (see Fig. 1). 

 The presence of a lateral membranous area also marks this 

 family off sharply from the Vesiculariidse. 



Buskia armata (Verrill) is the only species thus far recorded 

 from the Atlantic coast of North America. Its known distribu- 

 tion is from Massachusetts Bay to Beaufort, North Carolina. 

 On the southern New England coast it growls profusely, spread- 

 ing over hydroids, algas, etc. In this region it often rises in free 

 branches more than an inch in height, but toward the limits of 

 its range only the creeping adherent stage is seen. 



LITERATURE CITED 



Alder, J. 



1856. Catalog of the Zoophytes of Northumberland and Durham. Transac- 

 tions of the Tyneside Field Club. 

 Gal VET, Louis. 



1900. Bryozoaires Ectoproctes Marins. Montpelier. 

 Davenport, Charles. 



1891. Observations on Budding in Paludicella and Some Other Bryozoa. Bul- 

 letin Mus. Comp. Zool. at Harvard College, t. XXII, 1891. 

 Harmer Sidney F. 



1915. The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition, Part I, Entoprocta, Ctenosto- 

 mata and Cyclostomata, Leiden. 



HiNCKS, T. 



1880. British Marine Polyzoa. 



1887. Polyzoa and Hydroids of the Mergui Archipelago. Jour. Linn. Soc. 

 Zool. XXI. 



OSBURN, R. C. 



1912. The Bryozoa of the Woods Hole Region. Bulletin of the Bureau of 

 Fisheries, Vol. 30, 1910. Document No. 760, Washington. 

 Verrill, A. E. and Smith, S. I. 



1874. The Invertebrate Animals of Vineyard Sound and Adjacent Waters. 

 Report of the Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries for 1871-2. Wash- 

 ington, 1874. 



