96 GROWTH 



ing to these accounts, birth weights were not lowered. Up to the 

 time of birth the hardships were all imposed on the mother, 

 and not at all on the child. It seems to be true that severe under- 

 nutrition of the mother will reduce the size of the offspring, but 

 only if it is extremely severe. The evidence published by Paton 

 would seem weighty, and the data obtained at Missouri point 

 in the same direction. 



Thus far we have considered only cases where the under- 

 feeding was quantitative, that is, the ration was adequate, but 

 restricted in amount. We shall next pass to attempts to investi- 

 gate the effects of qualitative underfeeding in which the ration 

 was sufficient in quantity, but deficient in quality. 



Observations of this type on swine have been reported by 

 Evvard and collaborators. 47 They described an investigation in 

 which three groups of gilts, ten in each, were fed as follows: 

 Lot i, corn only; Lot 2, corn and calcium chloride and calcium 

 carbonate j and Lot 3, corn and black albumen (dried blood). 

 In addition all animals received sodium chloride. 



The observations included the weights of the total litters, the 

 weights of the individual pigs, the number in each litter, as 

 well as the conditions of the pigs. A summary of the weights is 

 given in the following table. 



Table III 

 VIGOR OF OFFSPRING 



(0« basis of ioo figs farrowed) 



Lot Very Very 



No. strong Strong Medium Weak weak Dead 



1 9.52 34-92 17-46 12.71 20.63 4-7 6 



2 2 3- 2 9 24.66 24.66 2.74 8.22 16.44 



3 39- ! 9 3 2 -43 17-57 5-4i i-35 4-°5 



Ration 



Lot i Corn 



Lot 2 Corn and CaCl 2 



Lot 3 Corn and "Black Albumen" 



