656 



iMi'iioi i\c, AM) 1/ \i\T\i\i\(; c.noi SF coj f:/ns 



111 (inlrr Ici iiiaki' ;i <lc(i>i(iii. (Jiii' iiiii>l cxiiininr ihc i'\i>liiii; cuiHlilidiw and dclcnnine 

 what llic |)riilpal)ililit's arc for success b\ tilt' \aiiciU5^ tiiethods. \aluially. tlmsc selected will 

 \ar\ according to tlie t\ |)e of habitat desired on am given location. Ihus. if the design calls 

 for fall feeding grtninds. one must consider the |)ossihilit\ of olitaining the desirable shrub 

 cover. 



If seedlings of the required species will establish themselves by natural sec<ling and at the 

 same time not produce too manv unwanted competing types, the site will i)robaliK develop 

 satisfactorily b\ itself. 



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^^ E1KRK rill. PKOPKR SKKD TRKKS are PRESKNT nature may often be depended I PON TO RE 



i;ST\m.lSH .SATISFACTORY WOODY COVER 



When llic cover needed on a particular location is winter shelter, then one iiuisl cleli-iniine 

 whether or not there are adequate seed trees of desirable conifers close enough so llial nalural 

 seeding nun be de|)ende(l u|)oii. If the probabilit\ of natural seeding is poor, then conifers 

 must be artificially started, either by sowing seed on exposed mineral soil or by direct plant- 

 ing. 



The establisliMunI of liarduond areas. o\er most of lli<' \oiiheast, generalK results through 

 the natural gro\ving-ii|) of such species, which < rowd out less \ igorous t\pes. The mimber 

 and arrangemeni of the desired trees will iiol. in all cases, be satisfactory. Where this natural 

 plant succession will not provi<le for an ade(|iiale mixture to furnish good spring nesting 

 grounds cover, then at lca>l partial planlini;> >liiiiilil be made. 



Where the habitat alreadx exists, the nielhod> to be used will depend upon what changes 

 and improvements are needed to produce the required habitat. Some of these methods have 



