660 



IMPROVING AND MAINTAINING GROUSE COVERTS 



use a mixture of several species rather than jjiantiiif; in blocks of a sinfrle vaiict\. The species 

 arran{;cnient tiia) lie either as a random selection from ])ail mixtures or in continuous rows 

 of each kind. 



Where the development of winter shelter, in hardwood stands dehcient in conifers, is re- 

 quired, it is often necessary to interplant. Within the woodland, this should be done in ex- 

 isting open glades wherever possible, or openings should be made to pro\ ide the necessary 

 sunlight for adequate growth. This may be accomplished when har\esting the wood or by 



I'. S. Stiil Ciinarriittion Service 

 W HITE PINE. INTERPLANTED IN AN OPENING IN SECOND-GROWTH HARDWOODS, 

 HERE I'liOVMlES Ml CM NEEDED WINTER SHELTER FOR GROUSE 



silvicultural thinnings, as |)reviouslv discussed.* 



In cover thus opened, there still may be considerable shade and. therefore, sliadc-lolcrant 

 species, such as white or red spruce, are recommetided. If the crown canopy is sufficiently 

 open, so that the site is not more than half shaded, then whhc ])inc. Norwax sprmc and 

 northern white cedar may also be used successfulh . 



('uttings of hardwoods on sites intended for inter|)lanlings will gcncralK result in con- 

 siderable spiouls and stinnps. These vigorous shoots are likcK to result in excessive com- 

 petition and shading for the newly-planted seedlings. I'nder these conditions, it is suggested 

 that the slumps of the cut trees be poisoned"' in order to insure adequate sunlight for the 

 ra|>id eslablishmcnl of ihe evergreen trees. 



Spacing for inlerplantings must be judged on the conditions at cadi Idcatiiui. Ordinarily, 

 the usual six to eight foot plantation spacing may be used. Where the openings are small 

 and scattered, it ma\ be desirable lo set the platits somewhat closer together. 



IJVUDUOOD TuKi: I'l.VNTINCS 

 W lien planting i^ needed for the de\elopin<'nl of s|)ring nesting grounds, one must use 



• flisrilimion of AllrriiiB |I»* Kxtittinc Ciivrr. |t. <i.'i9 

 A Sep (IJHrllaainn nf I'i>iiii>ning, p. (110. 



