782 FOREST STAND IMPROVEMENT WORK IN WOODLANDS 



Stand Arraiiiicniciit refers to the relative ])iisiticiri of iruliviilual trees and or shrubs or of 

 trees as they occur in making up the stand. 



Crop Trees or Shrubs include those iiidi\iduals of such species, form, condition and pro- 

 ductive capacity that are best adapted to the ])roduction of the desired crop. 



Wolf Trees or Shrubs include those individuals occupying more space than their sil\ icul- 

 tural or game value warrants and thereby turlailintr more potentially producti\e neighbors. 



Weed Trees or Shrubs are those which ha\e little or no \alue when considered with rela- 

 tion to the dominant use of the area. 



Trainers are the subordinate trees in the stand which iia\e fallen behind the crop trees and 

 weeds and form an understory of weak and slender individuals. They aid in the production 

 of clean boles. 



Whips are tall, slender trees, even in height with the crop trees but too weak and narrow- 

 crowned to make desirable crop trees. In their whipping action caused by wind they injure 

 the crowns of the crop trees. 



Improvement Cuttings are cuttings made to improve the composition (variety and number 

 of individuals of a species) and quality of the stand by removal of inferior trees. 



Thinnings (Crown Thinning) require the removal of trees in the main canopy in order to 

 give the selected crop trees room for crown expansion. 



Undergrowth includes all woody plants under the crown canopy. 



Stand Composition refers to the numbers of each species of trees and, in some cases, shrubs 

 which make up a given stand. 



Stand Density refers to number of trees and, in some cases, shrubs per acre. 



Shelterivood cutting refers to the gradual removal of the mature crop in an even-aged stand 

 by a series of cuttings. From 10-15 years usuallv intervene from the first cutting and the 

 remo\al of the last of the crop. 



Selection Cutting refers to the cutting of trees as they mature here and there in an uneven- 

 aged stand. 



Girdling refers to the niellKid of killing a tree by severing the camliium la\cr. (Jinlling 

 should be accomplished by two downward strokes three inches apart, at about waist high of 

 the chopper, removing chi])s in a continuous line around the tree. 



Poisoning refers to the method of killing a tree by injecting a |)oison solution in cuts made 

 in the trunk of the tree. A band of nuiltiple axe cuts is made around the tree close to the 

 ground and the poison solution injected here. prcfcraliK «illi the (Imiicll imi-oning tool. 



