stress that there could l)e a shift toward greater 

 basophilia among the cells counted. This would 

 have the same significance for the lymphocytes 

 that Arneth found for nuclear changes in granulo- 

 cytes. In a study of lymphocytogenesis in the 

 thymus (chap. 4) it was concluded that lympho- 

 blasts are larger than the next stage in maturation 

 and that mature lymphocytes were relatively 

 small. With increasing age there was a loss of 

 mitochondria and a change from delicate reticu- 

 lar pattern in the nucleus to dense chromatin 

 clumps. 



It is true that there are certain examples sug- 

 gestive of nuclear change from an open, lightly 

 stained reticular type (fig. 99) to one showing 

 dense clumps of chromatin. Some nuclei, such 

 as the one shown in figure 98, sliow a transitional 

 condition from reticulum to clumps. It is a 

 question whether this nuclear variability is a 

 measure of increasing cellular differentiation or 

 an inseparable accompaniment of decreasing cell 

 size. There is no evasion of the fact that cell 

 size and nuclear structure are very closely asso- 

 ciated; and if chromatin clumping is a mark of 

 cytomorphosis, decreasing cell and nuclear size 

 must carry the same connotation. 



Abnormal lymphocytes (figs. 102—120) 



It is anticipated that a number of hematologists 

 will question the accuracy of cataloging as ab- 



normal all the cells included in this section. It 

 is admitted that the evidence is not extensive but 

 it seems sufficient to tip the balance of opinion 

 toward the abnormal. It will be noted that all 

 cells from figures 102-116 show various kinds 

 of granules; in table 3 these have been called 

 magenta bodies and they probal^ly are equivalent 

 to what has been called azurophilic granules in 

 mammalian lymphocytes. "Magenta body" is a 

 new term that does not carry any implication of 

 function or origin. A new expression has Ijeen 

 devised to replace the term "azurophilic gran- 

 ules" because the colors and affinities for the 

 stain of these granules in lymphocytes and in 

 monocytes of birds are so different that to give 

 both the same name would be confusing. This 

 confusion does not occur in tlie mannnalian 

 agranulocyte because in both cell types the azuro- 

 philic granules appear similar. It is not the 

 presence of these granules that led to designating 

 these cells as abnormal but rather their frequent 

 association with nuclei that are degenerating and 

 with cells whose cytoplasm is blown up and 

 vacuolated. The magenta bodies stain intensely, 

 whereas the azurophilic granules of the mono- 

 cytes are small, stain rather faintly, and have an 

 orange color. 



About the largest magenta liodies observed, as 

 well as some small ones, are shown in figure 104. 

 All of them are spherical, which is the usual 

 shape, but not infrequently they appear diploid 

 or crescent shaped as in figures 105 and 106. 



Figures 90-108. — Normal and al)normal lymphocytes. 2,470X. 



Figures 90-101: Normal lymphocytes. 



90 A typical lymphocyte. 



91 Lymphocyte stained with May-Gruiuvald Giemsa. 



92 Lymphocyte pinching off cytoplasmic blebs con- 

 taining basoplhlic granules. 



9.3 Lymphocyte with hyaUne cytoplasm like figure 100, 

 in the process of pinching off cytoplasmic blebs. 



94 Lymphocyte with finely granular nucleus. 



95 Typical lymphocyte with nucleus less dense than in 

 figure 90. 



Figures 96-99: Four cells that show stages between pachy- 

 chromatic and lepiochromatic nuclei. 



96 Basichromatin of lower half of nucleus coarsely and 

 finely granular, upper half in clumps. 



97 Granular and slightly clumped basichromatin 

 intermingled. 



98 Slightly clumped basiciiromatin in the right side and 

 granular basichromatin in the left side of the 

 nucleus. 



99 Nucleus largely filled with granular basichromatin. 



100 Normal lymphocyte with hyaline cytoplasm. 



101 Nearly maximum size for a normal lymphocyte. 



Figures 102-108: Abjiormal lymphocytes xcith magenta 

 bodies in the cytosome. 



102 Small amount of cytoplasm remaining after bleb 

 formation. Several small magenta bodies are pres- 

 ent. 



103 Magenta bodies often in pairs. Slight autolysis 

 of the nucleus. 



104 Large magenta bodies. 



105 Some of the magenta bodies are arranged in pairs. 

 Nucleus partially autolysed. 



106 Nucleus almost completely autolysed. 



107 Magenta bodies in a reactive lymphocyte. For 

 the rest of this series, see figures 109-112. 



108 Lymphocyte in telephase of mitotic division, 

 ^iagenta bodies between poles in spindle region. 



54 



