The technic used was equal parts of glycerine 

 and distilled water, followed by drying. His 

 colored drawings illustrate examples of lack of 

 homogeneity in the cytoplasm of the partially 

 developed erythrocyte, formation of erythro- 

 plastids, and elongation and distortion of the cell 

 body. He regarded these atypical cells as evi- 

 dence of degeneration, but some of them ap- 

 peared atypical probably because of the technic 



used. 



Too nuich pressure exerted during blotting 

 of the slide will damage the cells in other ways, 

 as shown in figures 53 and 54. These frac- 

 tures of the cytosome and the cell membrane are 

 of the kind that come after the cytoplasm has 

 become rigid; the clefts have sharp borders and 

 extend no farther than the nucleus. In figure 

 54 the damage is greater dian in figure 53 in 

 that the nucleus, as well as the cytosome, has been 

 partly squashed. The former does not show 

 fractures but the chromatin is spread out into 

 a thinner layer than normal and stains more 

 lightly. 



The peculiar nuclear reaction shown in a se- 

 ries of three cells, figures 55 to 57, has been 

 observed only once. It occurred in a routine 

 slide made from a moribund young chick that 

 had previously l)een inoculated with neoplastic 

 lymphoid tumor cells. It is listed under the 

 heading of technic artifacts because additional 

 smears made from the same bird, only an hour 

 or two later, failed to produce these odd-looking 

 cells. The basichromatin of the nucleus was 



clumped into a dense mass and it seemed to pass, 

 phantomlike, through the nuclear membrane 

 without rupturing it or even denting it. Often 

 the basichromatin mass lay beyond the limits of 

 the cell, and again apparently without rupture of 

 membranes. It must be assumed that the dense 

 basichromatin leaves by the top of the nucleus 

 and cell instead of laterally, so that, as viewed 

 from above, the breaks in the membranes were 

 not visible. Sometimes the chromatin masses 

 did not retain their original shapes but were 

 drawn out into elongate bodies with bizarre 

 forms. The iiuclear hull remaining behind was 

 firmly anchored to the stroma of the cytosome 

 and showed no evidence of displacement, and it 

 retained nucleoplasm that was tinged with dis- 

 solved basichromatin. 



The displaced basichromatin masses are so 

 suggestive of peas popped out of a pod that slides 

 were made later from normal birds and the un- 

 stained cells vigorously pressed against anotlier 

 slide laid on top of the smear. There were no 

 effects on the nuclei. The whole phenomenon is 

 an intriguing one and needs to be studied further. 

 Sometimes other slides are found in which the 

 nuclear contents have been drawn out into long 

 streamers. Usually they are roughly parallel 

 and they may be straight or cui-ved. Flies and 

 cockroaches should be suspected when this type 

 of nuclear dissolution is observed. Flies tend to 

 clean up the spot touched by their proboscis l)et- 

 ter than do cockroaches, which have a different 

 type of mouth structure. The salivary secre- 



FiGURES 30-49.— Atypical and abnormal cells found in smears from chickens considered to be normal. 



2,470X. 



Figures 30-43; Poikilocytes (P), amsoctjtes (A), and 

 erythroplastkls. 



30 Bipolar spindle cell (P) . 



31 Large elongated bipolar spindle cell, with light staining 

 areas at the ends (P). 



32 Unipolar spindle cell (P). 



33 Cell with nucleus constricted longitudinally. 



34 Transverse constriction of nucleus with infolding of 

 cytoplasm on one side (P). 



35 Constriction of the cytoplasm at one pole (P) . 



36 Elongated cell and nucleus (P). 



37 Cell with eccentric nucleus (A). Probably a portion 

 of the cytoplasm has been lost. 



38 Cell with nucleus earned into protrusion of cytosome. 

 Probably a stage in the formation of erythroplastid. 



39 Microcyte (A). 



40 Microcyte (A). 



41 Small erythroplastid. 



42 Medium erythroplastid. 



43 Large erythroplastid. 



Figures 44-49: Cells showing chromophobic reactions in 

 the nuclei. Compare with figure 3, 1, and 15-22. 



44 Chromophobic band across the nucleus and a small 

 area at one pole. 



45 A single chromophobic band diagonally across the 

 nucleus at its lower end. 



46 Two transverse chromophobic bands. 



47 Chromophilic area restricted to a narrow band down 

 the center of the nucleus. 



48 Chromophilic area limited to the center of the 

 nucleus. 



49 Nucleus entirely chromophobic. 



34 



