100 



PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATIONS 



<^ 30. Equilibration and recovery 



Combining the data from single ingestions by mouth and from 

 water privations, I obtain an equilibration diagram (fig. 61). The 

 initial rates of recovery are here represented in the first 1.0 hour ; 

 they might be represented over diverse periods of time. Recovery 

 by drinking is most rapid within the first 0.1 hour, while recovery 

 by forming urine is most rapid after 1.0 hour. 



The diagram indicates that water balance prevails at only one 

 content. Small departures from the content at balance mean large 

 modifications of exchanges, and ordinarily the body is either in 

 small positive or negative increments at nearly every instant. 



c 



0) 



o 



O 



Q: 



°4 



-3 



-2 



+2 



^3 



Fig. 61. 



B„) 



-I +1 



Total Water Load 

 Rate of water exchange (% of Bo/hour) in relation to water load (% of 

 (equilibration diagram in first 1.0-hour of recovery). Data concerning 

 ingestive gain are obtained from figure 59 in negative load, multiplying by 1.2 (fig. 58) 

 to convert from 0.5 hr. to 1.0 hr. ; concerning urinary loss from figures 60 and 52. Total 

 loss equals urinary loss, plus 0.07% of BoAour as the mean evaporative + fecal losses at 

 all positive loads, they being independent of water load (HaU and McClure, '36). 

 Gain of water by oxidation (0.02% of Bo/hour) appears to be nearly independent of 

 water load whether positive (Carpenter and Fox, '30) or negative (Pinson and Wills, 

 new data). 



When no factors shift the apparent balance itself, water content is 

 maintained constant within ± 0.22% of Bq in 24-hour periods and 

 ± 0.08% of Bo in 1-hour periods (CA, new data). 



The partition of the rates of exchange according to paths (fig. 

 61) again shows that restoration is predominantly by one path of 

 gain (ingestive) and by one path of loss (urinary). 



Net velocity quotients are equal in positive and in negative 

 loads (in the arbitrary initial period of 1.0 hour) only up to ± 0.2% 



