VAEIABILITIES OF WATER RELATIONS 



79 



are listed in table 12. Measured in 24-liour periods the ingestive 

 water intake of dog B' (fig. 44) has a coefficient of difference (CA) 

 of ± 12.2 of the total water gain. Meanwhile the urinary water 

 output has CA ± 22.7. Here too, is evidence of activities that pre- 

 vent unusually low and high rates of water exchange. Part of the 

 smaller variation of intake may be connected with the fact that 

 about half of the water (actual plus potential) came with the food, 

 which was provided in constant daily amount. The free water 

 alone varied by CA ± 22.2. 



Water Load 



Fig. 45. Eate of urinary water output in relation to total water load (body weight) 

 upon two days in water balance. Dog C, Bo = 13,885 gm. Urine was collected in con- 

 secutive 0.25-liour periods from a bladder fistula. Water was continuously available, 

 but was refused throughout the measurements. M = mean rate. I = root mean square 

 of differences (standard difference) in (a) 0.25-hour periods, (b) 0.5-hour periods, (e) 

 1.0-hour periods. New data of Kingsley and Adolph. 



In shorter periods (fig. 45) variations in rate of urinary output 

 in individuals with fistulous bladders are nearly the same as in 24 

 hours. At 1.0-hour intervals CA is ± 16, at 0.25-hour intervals 

 =i: 19. These values and an examination of figure 20 suggest that 

 rates of urinary output are smoothed out over periods of time 

 greater than 0.25 hour. Instead of jumping about at random, rates 



