OTHER TYPES OF WATER INCREMENT 



69 



S 500 



§400 



CO 



-^3001- 



-P 



:5 



4- 

 O 



200 



(U 



'% 100 



DC 



> 







Dog 



o .. 



Bile-duct ligated (2) 



-200 200 400 600 

 Hours after Operation 



Fig. 41. Eate of water ingestion (relative to last control period), in relation to 

 time before and after surgical operation. Each period of time lasts 1 week ; the number 

 of individuals averaged is indicated for each series. Data of Crandall and Eoberts ( '36). 



the operated individuals fall, compared with themselves before 

 operation, is unknown. Rates of turnover are the only items that 

 are known to be augmented in all those instances. 



Any content of water at which gain of water equals loss of water 

 evidently represents a state of water balance. A positive content 

 at balance is upon this definition one in which the new Wo exceeds 

 the control Wo, whether or not rates of exchanges are modified 

 (fig. 42). Criteria for measuring a positive or a negative content 

 at balance may be of diverse kinds, and a shift in Wo perhaps as 

 judged from body weight may be positive, while in W© perhaps as 

 estimated from analyses of tissues is negative. A growing dog is 



Total Water Load 



-aw lotal Water Load • +^iw 



Fig. 42. Equilibration diagrams representing possible relations of the dog's rates 

 of total water exchange to control water content (W„) and to one another. 



