190 



PHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATIONS 



ally distinct, yet functionally they are precisely fitted to one an- 

 other. The anatomical structures concerned are very diverse over 

 the animal kingdom (table 17). The exchanges accomplished seem 

 appropriate to recovery quite irrespective of the sort of organ 

 provided to carry them on. 



By abstraction a generalized equilibration diagram (fig. 110) 

 is derived. So far as I can see, it is general enough to apply to 



Negative Loads 

 •Tolerated Load '-ac 



Balance 



Co 



Positive Loads 



^Zc" Tolerated Load' 



Fig. 110. Generalized equilibration diagram. The definitions of several diverse 



quantities are shown graphically. Others are defined as follows : G or G' = Measured 



rate of total gain ; L or L' = Measured rate of total loss ; T = Eate of turnover, when 



G = L. Min. Loss =: the component 's measured minimal rate. G/T, L/T = Augmentation 



f^ T ' (^ T ' 



ratio Max./Min. = Modification ratio ; 1^77: = Economy quotient ; — --r^ r-^ = Total 



L, yjr —dXj} —A'-' 



, .^ ^. ^ G-L L'-G' ^j ^ , .^ *• . * + D A(G-T) 

 velocity quotient ; — —:; — ;; — =Net velocity quotient ; tan a or tan p = rr: — or 



A(L^-T) 

 AC 



-AC, AC, 



-AC 



= Total velocity quotient in small departures from balance; tan (a + P) = 



Net velocity quotient in small departures from balance. 



any organism in which gains and losses of water may be separately 

 measured. 



Where gains and losses are not separated, the net equilibration 

 diagrams (fig. Ill) may be generalized. If the study had been 

 concerned only with parts of organisms, i.e., volumes of tissues and 

 cells, only net equilibration diagrams would have been known. 

 Then the net equilibration diagram would not have been recognized 

 as a partial representation of something that is more completely 

 represented in the total equilibration diagram. 



