EQUILIBEATIONS IN PARTS OF ORGANISMS 



157 



might however represent mere error of estimate, is considerably 

 larger than for the whole animal. 



Attempting to identify some of the tissues concerned in restor- 

 ing blood volmne, Oka ('38a, '38b) induced various surgical and 

 toxicological injuries in rabbits, then repeated the transfusions 

 (table 7). These injuries are known to affect the liver or the kid- 



TABLE 7 



Rates of loss of "Hood" volume as measured by trypan red injection and hematocrit 

 ratio, in rahhits transfused with citrated rabbit blood. In each series, 5 individ- 

 uals received by vein 2 per cent of the body weight (Bo) of blood; mean 

 body weight 1750 gm. The volume of distribution (Vo) of trypan 

 red was meas2ired at 2 minutes {-initial load) and 28 min- 

 utes thereafter. Standard error is here equal to 

 0.45 of the standard deviation (a). Data 

 of OTca {'38a, 'S8b) 



neys, whatever else they do. The augmentations in mean rates of 

 volume exchange appear to be significantly greater in chloroform 

 poisoning and significantly smaller in bile-duct ligation; hence 

 effects are in opposite directions. It is hardly to be inferred, how- 

 ever, that the liver alone is specifically inhibited by those agents, 

 nor is the liver demonstrated to have a particular role in restoring 

 ''blood" volumes that have been increased by transfusion. 



The events that follow when whole blood is added to the volume 

 already circulating differ little, I gather, from those after some 

 other form of water is added to blood, though the initial rates with 

 which recovery occurs may differ for diverse fluids. Several added 

 fluids were compared by Oka, with the result that the differences of 

 exchange rates among them in the initial half -hour of recovery are 

 probably insignificant. 



For the study of the equilibration of "plasma" volumes, which 

 were measured (fig. 94) in response to whole blood excesses and 

 deficits, the increments administered might equally be transfusions 



