PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION. XI 



quainted with the birds they named. Thus the source of Icteria 

 virens (Linnaeus) is shown to be ''The yellow bre'sted Chat, 

 Oenanthe americana, pectore luieo of Catesby, History of Carolina," 

 thus indicating the origin of the common name by which the bird 

 is still known. So too the "Black-throated Green Warbler" of 

 Edwards' " Gleanings of Natural History " shows us the origin of 

 the vernacular name of Dendroica virens (Gmelin), and is the basis 

 for the species, while Catesby's Turdns pilaris migratorius shows 

 where Linnaeus got his specific name migratorius for the Robin. 



Type Localities. Instead of using quotation marks when a 

 type locality is given verbatim, as is often done, we have at- 

 tempted to quote all type localities verbatim even to beginning 

 the quotation with a lower case letter when taken from the middle 

 of a sentence, and have added a restricted type locality, following 

 some previous revisor where such has been found. The definite 

 restriction of a broad type locality is very necessary since when 

 an old species is subdivided into races we must be sure that we 

 have relegated the old name to the proper race. Many a blunder 

 has been made in such cases and the original form inadvertently 

 renamed. Sometimes where no type specimen has been men- 

 tioned in an original description one is later found labeled by the 

 author or perhaps subsequently selected; in such cases great care 

 should be taken to be sure that it corresponds with the published 

 locality, unless it can be proved that the latter is erroneous, 

 which occasionally happens. 



In the case of species based upon Catesby's "History of Caro- 

 lina" where the type locality may be simply "Carolina" it is 

 claimed that we have no right to restrict the type locality at this 

 late day in such a way as to overthrow the names of the first 

 revisor of the species in question. Coues, for instance, named 

 the Florida Blue Jay jlorincola, restricting the name cristata, 

 based on Catesby, to the northern race. Later it has been 

 argued that because Catesby spent most of his time in the 

 vicinity of Charleston this should be accepted as the type lo- 

 cality for all of his "Carolina" species, and as the Blue Jay from 

 Charleston is the Florida form the name cristata must be used for 

 it and the northern bird be renamed. As however we have no 

 means of proving that Catesby's bird was not a northern migrant 

 or perhaps from Virginia, since none of his specimens are extant, 



