ORDER GRUIFORMES. 93 



Order GRUIFORMES. Cranes, Rails, and Allies. 



Suborder GRUES. Cranes, Rails, and Limpkins. 



Superfamily GRUOIDEA. Cranes and Limpkins. 



Family GRUIDAE Cranes. 



Subfamily GRUINAE. Cranes. 



Genus GRUS Pallas. 



Grus Pallas, Misc. Zool., 1766, 66. Based on Grues Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. 

 ed. 10., I, 1758, 141. Type, by tautonymy, Ardea grus Linnaeus 

 (Cf. Op. 10.3, Internat. Comm. Zool. Nomencl.). 



Grus americana (Linnaeus). Whooping Crane. [204.] 



Ardea americana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, I, 1758, 142. Based on 

 The hooping Crane, Grus americana alha Catesby, Carolina, I, 75, and 

 the Hooping-Crane from Hudson's-Bay Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, 132. 

 (in America septentrionali = Hudson Bay.) 



Range. — Bred, formerly, from Mackenzie and Hudson Baj- south to Ne- 

 braska and Iowa and in migration not uncommon east to the Atlantic coast from 

 New England to South Carolina and Georgia; casual in southwestern Ontario 

 and west to Colorado, Wyoming, and Idaho. Wintered from the Gulf states 

 to central Mexico. Now very rare and mainly restricted to southern Mac- 

 kenzie and northern Saskatchewan, going south to Texas in migration. 



Grus canadensis canadensis (Linnaeus). Little Brown Crane. [205.] 



Ardea canadensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 141. Based on the 

 Brown and Ash-colour'd Crane Edwards, Nat. Hist. Birds, 133. (in 

 America septentrionali = Hudson Bay.) 



Range. — Breeds from northern and western Alaska and MelviUe and Baffin 

 islands south to the southern mainland of Alaska, southern Mackenzie, and 

 Hudson Bay. Winters from California and Texas to northern Lower Califor- 

 nia, Jalisco, and Guanajuato, Mexico, migrating through the interior of 

 Canada and the United States. Migrates regularly along the Chukches 

 Peninsula in northeastern Siberia. 



