132 CHECK-LIST OF NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS. 



• Larus occidentalis livens Dwight. Yellow-footed Gull. [49a.] 



Lams occidentalis livens Dwight, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XXXII, No. 5, 

 Feb. 14, 1919, 11. (San Jose Island, Lower California.) 



Range. — -Resident within the Gulf of California, breeding from Consag 

 Rock, near lat. 31°, south at least to San Jose Island, lat. 25°. Wanders south 

 on the coast of Mexico to about lat. 20° N.; casual at Hyperion, Los Angeles 

 County, California. 



• Larus fuscus graellsi Brehm. Lesser Black-backed Gull. [50.] 



Larus Graellsii A. E. Brehm, Naturhist. Zeitung, Neue Folge, III, 1857, 

 483. (Malaga.) 



Range. — Breeds on the Faroes, Channel Islands, and the west coast of 

 France. Winters from the British Isles to Morocco, Senegal, Nigeria, the 

 Azores and Canaries, and the western Mediterranean. Accidental in Green- 

 land.^ [Allied races occur in the British Isles and Siberia.] 



Larus argentatus smithsonianus Coues. Herring Gull. 51n.] 



Larus Smithsonianus Coues, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., [XIV] 1862, 

 No. 6, June [Aug. 1], 296. (Eastern and Western coasts of North 

 America.) 



Range. — Breeds from south-central Alaska and southern Baffin Island south 

 to northern British Columbia, northern Alberta, northern North Dakota, 

 central Wisconsin, southern Ontario, northern New York, and Maine (casually 

 Massachusetts). Winters from southern Alaska south to Lower California 

 and western Mexico, and from the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes 

 south to the Bahamas, Cuba, Yucatan, and the coast of Alabama and Texas. 



Larus argentatus thayeri Brooks. Thayer's Gull. [516.] 



Larus thayeri Brooks, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoo)., LIX, No. 5, Sept., 1915, 

 373. (Buchanan Bay, Ellesmere Island, Canada.) 



Range. — Arctic coasts and islands of North America west of Greenland, 

 reaching Alaska (Point Barrow and Nome) in migration. South in winter to 

 the coast of British Columbia and California, and casually to Quebec, Illinois, 

 and New Jersey. 



• Larus argentatus vegae Palmen. Vega Gull. [52.] 



Larus argentatus Brxjnn., var. Vegae Palmen, in Nordenskiold, Vega- 

 Exped. Vetensk. lakttag., V, 1887, 370. (Pidlin and vicinity, extreme 

 northeastern Siberia.) 



Range. — Breeds on the northern coast of Siberia. Winters south to China 

 and Japan (Gulf of Tonkin and Bonin Islands). Occurs casually in Bering 

 Sea and on the coast of Alaska to the Aleutian Islands. 



[A closely related race of L. argentatus occurs in Europe.] 



1 Reinhardt, Vidensk. Meddel., Kjobenhavn, 1853 (1854), 78. 



