ORDER PASSERIFORMES. 269 



Range. — Breeds in the Arctic Zone in extreme northeastern Siberia and 

 western Alaska from Point Barrow and Kotzebue Sound to Nushagak River; 

 migrates through the western Aleutian Islands to eastern Asia. [Additional 

 races of M. flava occur in Europe and Asia.] 



Genus ANTHUS Bechstein. 



Anthus Bechstein, Gemein. Naturg. Deutschl., II, 1805, 302. Type, by 

 subs, desig., Alauda campestris Linnaeus (Mathews, 1915). 



Anthus spinoletta rubescens (Tunstall). American Pipit. [697.] 



Alauda ruhescens Tunstall, Orn. Brit., 1771, 2. (Pennsylvania = Phila- 

 delphia.) 



Range. — Breeds in the Arctic Zone from northeastern Siberia, northern 

 Alaska, northern Mackenzie, lat. 68° on the west coast of Davis Strait, and lat. 

 70° on the west coast of Greenland south to Great Slave Lake, northern 

 Manitoba, Quebec (Gaspe), and Newfoundland, and from the Aleutian Islands 

 to Prince William Sound; also on high mountains south to Oregon, Colorado, 

 and New Mexico. Winters from northern California and the Ohio and lower 

 Delaware valleys to the Gulf coast. Lower California, and Guatemala. Casual 

 in Bermuda; accidental in Heligoland. 



• Anthus spinoletta japonicus Temminck and Schlegel. Japanese Pipit. 



[697.1.] 



Anthiis pratensis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, in Siebold, Fauna 

 Japonica, Aves, 1847, 59. (Japan.) 



Range. — Breeds in Kamchatka, eastern Siberia as far as the Lena River, and 

 in the Kurile Islands. Winters south to Japan and China. Casual on Nuni- 

 vak Island, Alaska (September 10, 1927). ^ 



[Additional races of A . spinoletta occur in Europe, Asia, and northern Africa.] 



• Anthus pratensis (Linnaeus). Meadow Pipit. [698.] 



Alauda pratensis Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1, 1758, 166. (in Europae 

 pratis = Sweden.) 



Range. — Breeds in Iceland, the Faroes and over the greater part of Europe. 

 Winters in northern Africa. Accidental in Greenland.- 



• Anthus cervinus (Pallas). Red-throated Pipit. [699.] 



Motadlla Cervina Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiatica, I, 1811, 511. (in 

 Camtschatka = Kamchatka.) 



1 Swarth, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, XVII, July 10, 192S, 250. 



2 Arctic Manual, 1875. Said to breed occasionally (Schiller). 



