order passeriformes. 311 



Family THRAUPIDAE. Tanagers. 

 Subfamily THRAUPINAE. Typical Taxagers. 



Genus PIRANGA Vieillot. 



Piranga Vieillot, Oiseaux Amer. Sept., I, 1807 [1808], iv. Type, by 

 monotypy, Muscicapa rubra Linnaeus, 1766 = Frincjilla rubra Lin- 

 naeus, 1758. 



Piranga ludoviciana (Wilson) . Western Tanager. [607.] 



Tanagra Ludoviciana Wilson, Amer. Orn., Ill, 1811, 27 (pi. 20, fig. 1). 

 (Prairies of the Missouri = mouth of Lolo Creek Fork of Clearwater 

 River, western Idaho.) 



Range. — Breeds in the Canadian, Transition, and sometimes Upper Sonoran 

 zones from northwestern British Columbia, southwestern Mackenzie, and 

 southwestern South Dakota to the mountains of southern California, northern 

 Lower California, southern Arizona, and central western Texas. Winters 

 southward from central Mexico and Cape San Lucas through the highlands to 

 Costa Rica. Casual or accidental in Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New 

 York, Wisconsin, and Louisiana. 



Piranga erythromelas Vieillot. Scarlet Tanager. [608.] 



Pyranga erythromelas Vieillot, Nouv. Diet. d'Hist. Nat., nouv. ed., 

 XXVIII, 1819, 293. (America to Canada = eastern North America.) 



Range. — Breeds mainly in the Transition and Upper Austral zones from 

 southern Saskatchewan, southern Manitoba, southern Ontario, southern 

 Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia south to southern Kansas, northern 

 Arkansas, northern Alabama, northern Georgia, and the mountains of Virginia 

 and South Carolina. Winters from Colombia to Bolivia and Peru; migrates 

 through Cuba, Jamaica, and Yucatan, and along the east coast of Central 

 America. Casual in Wyoming, Colorado, the Bahamas, and Lesser Antilles. 



Piranga fiava hepatica Swainson. Hepatic Tanager. [609.] 



Pyranga hepatica Swainson, Philos. Mag., n.s., I, No. 6, June, 1827, 438. 

 (Real del Monte, Hidalgo, Mexico.) ^ 



Range. — Breeds in the Transition Zone of the mountains from northwestern 

 Arizona, north-central New Mexico, and central western Texas south to 

 Nayarit, Jalisco, Coahuila, and Nuevo Leon. Winters from southern Sonora 

 to Michoacan and State of Mexico. [Allied forms occur in eastern and south- 

 ern Mexico and in Central and South America.] 



^ The birds of northern Mexico and the United States have been separated as 

 P.f. oreophasma Oberholser (Auk, XXXVI, 1919, 74). 



