FOSSIL BIRDS. 411 



Graculavus pumilus Marsh. 



Graculavus pumilus Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 364. 

 Eocene (Hornerstown) : Hornerstown, New Jersey. 



Graculavus velox Marsh. 



Graculavus velox Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 3, III, 1872, 363. 

 Eocene (Hornerstown) : Hornerstown, New Jersey. 



Genus PHALACROCORAX Bris.son.' 



Phalacrocorax Brisson, Orn., 1760, I, 60; VI, 511. Type, by tautonymy, 

 Phalacrocorax Brisson = Pelecanus carbo Linnaeus. 



Phalacrocorax auritus (Lesson). Double-crested Cormorant. 



Carbo auritus Lesson, Traite d'Orn., Livr. 8, June 11, 1831, 605. 



Modern form reported from Pleistocene: Melbourne (Stratum 2), Sarasota, 

 Seminole Field and Itchtucknee River, Florida; Santa Monica, California. 



Phalacrocorax femoralis Miller. 



Phalaa-ocorax femoralis L. H. Miller, Condor, XXXI, No. 4, July 15, 

 1929, 167, figs. 58, 59. 



Late Miocene or early Pliocene (Modelo Formation): Calabasas, California. 



Phalacrocorax idahensis (Marsh). 



Graculus idahensis Marsh, Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 2, XLIX, 1870, 216. 

 Pleistocene: Castle Creek, Idaho. 



Phalacrocorax macropus (Cope). 



Graculus macropus Cope, Bull. Geol. and Geog. Surv. Terr., IV, No. 2, 

 1878, 386. 



Lower Miocene (Base of Arikaree) : North side of Cottonwood Creek, south- 

 eastern Montana; ^ Pleistocene: Fossil Lake, Oregon. 



Phalacrocorax marinavis Shufeldt. 



Phalacrocorax marinavis Shufeldt, Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci., XIX, 

 Feb., 1915, 56, pi. XIV, figs. 114, 116-118, 122. 



?01igocene (John Day) : Willow Creek, Oregon. 



1 P^urther study is required before the fossil Cormorants listed here can be 

 assigned to subgenera. 



^ Shufeldt, Auk, 1915, pp. 485-488, has identified material from the Miocene 

 of Montana as of this species. The type locality is in the Pleistocene. 



