Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 103 
the subfamily Rhinolophinae, containing only the genus Rhino- 
tophus. The other half are members of the subfamily Hippo- 
siderinae, which comprises the large genus Hipposideros and 
several smaller genera. The genus Coelops may be treated as a 
third subfamily, the Coelopsinae. 
All species have, at the front of the muzzle, an expanded, 
foliaceous, horseshoe-shaped structure, the ' 'horseshoe," in the 
center of which are the nostrils. Above and behind the horse- 
shoe stand supplementary structures, the shape of which differs 
in the first two subfamilies. In the Rhinolophinae we see a 
forward- facing tombstone-shaped (with rounded top) mem- 
branous structure, the "sella" or "saddle," which is joined by 
a thin membrane running lengthwise, the "connecting process," 
to a high wedge-shaped eminence, the "posterior noseleaf." On 
the cheeks, either side of these complex organs, there may be 
other much smaller "lateral noseleaves." 
In the second subfamily, the Hipposiderinae, there is neither 
sella nor connecting process, and the posterior noseleaf, instead 
of being wedge-shaped and pointed above, has a broadly 
rounded, almost fan-shaped outline. The posterior noseleaf may 
be smoothly continuous across its upper margin as in Hipposi- 
deros or it may be toothed or even more complex as in certain 
of the allied genera. 
In Coelops the noseleaves are not only specially formed but 
they are concealed in a dense coat of long, rather bristly hairs. 
The tails of the Horseshoe Bats, of only moderate length, 
extend to the hind edge of the inter femoral membrane (the web 
which units the hind legs), or a joint or two of the tail may 
protrude beyond it. In Coelops the tail is rudimentary. 
The ears are moderately large, in some forms very large. The 
front edge of the ear is strongly curved, the lateral edge some- 
times slightly hollowed out. The whole of the external ear is 
commonly stiffened by rib-like thickenings and folds. 
It is quite common to find the individual species of the Bats 
