104 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
of this family occurring in two color phases, red or gray, and 
living in the same cave or hollow tree, so that color is not always 
a safe criterion for differentiating species. 
THE TYPICAL HORSESHOE BATS 
(SUBFAMILY rhinolophin^e) 
The genus Rhinolophns (Fig. 21), the only one in its sub- 
family and confined to the Old World tropics and subtropics, 
contains a great many different forms distributed among some 
eight superspecific groups. Three of those groups are represented 
in continental southeastern Asia. All possess the horseshoe, sella, 
connecting process, and posterior noseleaf described earlier. The 
differences between species are in many cases based upon differ- 
ences in these nasal structures, combined with differences of 
size (length of forearm, hind foot, tail) and of the structure 
of the skull. The following are the three species groups found 
in southern and eastern Asia: 
R. lepidus group. The smallest Rhinolophs. Forearm about 
li/4 inches long. Connecting process triangular; pointed 
on top. 
R. ferrum-equinum group. Small to medium in size. Outline 
of sella lyre-shaped. The connecting process rounded above. 
Forearm 1% to 2% inches. 
R. philippinensis group. Ears much to enormously enlarged ; 
noseleaves variously specialized; forearm 1% to nearly 3 
inches long. 
The Least Horseshoe Bats, the R. lepidus group, comprise 
three subdivisions, lepidus, minor, and subbadius. All three are 
represented in eastern Asia. They are best distinguished by 
characters of the connecting process. In lepidus the central 
process above, seen from the side, is broadly triangular; in 
