Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 105 
minor it is narrow and acutely pointed ; in subbadius it is nar- 
row, pointed, and curved forward. 
The R. lepidus subdivision is represented geographically by 
true lepidus in the Ganges Valley, shortridgei in the Irrawaddy 
Valley, refulgens in the Malay Peninsula (Perak), famulus 
in the Karin Hills, Burma. The group is represented in Yunnan 
and Szechwan. 
The R. minor subdivision extends farther north and east. 
Many of its members are mountain dwellers. They include 
gracilis on the Malacca coast, Malay Peninsula, blythi in the 
Kumaon Hills, Assam, szechwanus in Szechwan, parous in 
Hainan, calidus in Fukien, and cornutus in Japan. Members 
of this group are recorded also from Tonkin and Cochin- 
China. 
The R. subbadius subdivision is poorly known. In our area 
there are only true subbadius in Nepal, northern Burma, and 
Tonkin, and monoceros in Formosa. 
All these little bats look singularly alike. Normally the color 
is brownish gray, with underparts ash-brown, but in some at 
least a red phase exists alongside the gray one. The forearm 
varies from 1% to 1% inches. 
The Greater Horseshoe Bat, the R. ferrum-equinum 
(Latin, "horseshoe") group, is of special importance because 
it includes the first Horseshoe Bat ever to be recognized and 
named, the cave-dwelling Greater Horseshoe Bat of Europe. 
All members of the group have the dorsal outline of the con- 
necting process rounded instead of pointed. Rhinolophus fer- 
rum-equinum is a moderately large, grayish-brown species, the 
forearm measuring about 2 1 / 4 to 2V2 inches. Neither the ears 
nor the noseleaves are enlarged. Several representatives of the 
species occur in the East, including R. ferrum-equinum tragatus 
in Yunnan and Nepal, R. f. nippon in Szechwan, Shantung, 
Fukien, Japan, Korea, Shanghai, and possibly Ussuri, and R. f. 
mikado i in Yokohama, Japan. 
