106 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
The Intermediate Horseshoe Bats, Rhinolophus affinis, 
slightly smaller than R. ferrum-equinam, with the length of the 
forearm about 2 1 / 4o inches, are also widely distributed in east- 
ern Asia. The red phases appear to be nearly as common as the 
gray in many localities. The races of this group include hima- 
layanus in the foothills of the Himalaya Mountains, and Szech- 
wan, macrurus in the Karin Hills, Burma, Tonkin, Fukien, 
Chekiang, tener at the mouth of the Irrawaddy River, robinsoni 
in lower Siam, and hainamis on the Island of Hainan, southern 
China. 
Roux's Horseshoe Bats, Rhinolophus rouxi, are yet smaller 
than affinis, the forearm about 1 % inches. In these, too, the red 
phase is often developed. The representatives in the area dealt 
with in this book are true rouxi from the district of Darjiling, 
Sikkim, thomasi from the Karin Hills, Burma, and sinicus from 
the Valley of the Yangtse ; also Hupeh, Szechwan, and Fukien. 
The Big-eared Horseshoe Bats, the R. philippinensis 
group, comprise six rather markedly divergent kinds of Rhino- 
lophus. In all of them the ears are considerably enlarged, though 
the maximum enlargement occurs in true R. philippinensis, a Bat 
not found on continental Asia. The group contains the follow- 
ing additional very distinct types : 
The Narrow-cupped Bats, R. moxrotis, are moderate to 
small in size, with a cup-shaped structure scarcely wider than 
the sella at its base. The posterior noseleaf is tall, its tip rounded. 
Their geographical representatives include R. macrotis, the typi- 
cal form from Himalayan foothills, siamensis from Siam and 
Tonkin, a small race, with forearm 1% inches, episcopns from 
Szechwan, China, and caldwelli from Fukien, China, to Tonkin. 
The Short-leafed Bats, R. coelophyllus, are moderate-sized 
bats with "cup" and sella as above, but the posterior noseleaf 
short and fringed with hairs. R. coelophyllus, typically from the 
Salween Valley, Burma, occurs also in Siam and Shan States. A 
smaller form, R. c. shameli, is known from peninsular Siam. 
