Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 33 
Another author writes of Tupaia in Malaya, "In a state of 
nature it lives singly or in pairs, fiercely attacking intruders of 
its own species. When several are confined together they fight 
each other, or jointly attack and destroy the weakest. ... A short, 
peculiar, tremulous whistling sound . . . marks their pleasur- 
able emotions, while the contrary is expressed by shrill, protest- 
ing cries. . . . They will sit on their haunches, holding their 
food between their forepaws, and after feeding they smooth the 
Fig. 4. Tree-shrew, Tupaia ferruginea. 
head and face with both forepaws and lick the lips and palms. 
They are fond of water, both to drink and to bathe in." 
The Tree-shrews of the T. b danger i group are colored 
grayish or olive, and the number of nipples in females is gen- 
erally 3 pairs on the chest and 3 more pairs on the belly. The one 
species contained in this group includes a number of geographi- 
cal races. Belanger's Tree-shrew, of southern Burma and 
northern Malay Peninsula, is colored a grizzled mixture of 
yellow and black, becoming reddish on the rump, with the under- 
pays cream to buffy yellow. The length of head and body is 7% 
inches, tail 6% inches. The Chinese Tree-shrew, T. b. chinensis, 
is colored olive-gray with a faint whitish shoulder stripe. It 
lacks the reddish rump of belangeri, and has the underparts 
from whitish to buff, the hairs with gray bases. The size is 
about the same as that of belangeri. This race is found in 
Yunnan ; westward it extends to Nepal, southward into middle 
Burma at about 6000 feet and to northern Siam from 1500 to 
8000 feet. The longer-haired T. b. vesurce of the Mishmi Hills 
