32 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
TRUE TREE-SHREWS (SUBFAMILY TUPAIIN^) 
The continental members of this subfamily present in our area 
belong to the genera Tupaia and Dendrogale, which can be rec- 
ognized by the following characters : 
Tail squirrel-like in character, clothed uniformly with 
long hairs Tupaia 
Tail rounded, with appressed hairs throughout 
Dendrogale 
The Pigmy or Bridled Tree-shrew. Dendrogale, a very 
small genus, contains but one mainland species, D. frenata, of 
southeastern Indo-China, Cambodia, and Annam. Other species 
occur on Borneo. The color in general is grizzled, a mixture of 
black and yellowish hairs, with the underparts pale buff. The 
"bridle" is formed by a strong blackish line beginning at the 
whiskers and running back across the eyes to the ears. This dark 
line is margined above and below by similar lines. The tail is 
slender and the hairs on it, unlike those of Tupaia, lie nearly 
flat. Head and body 5 to 5% inches, tail 4 to 4% inches, hind 
foot 1 to 1% inches. 
True Tree-shrews, genus Tupaia, are the most squirrel-like 
of any members of the family. The great authority on these ani- 
mals, Dr. M. W. Lyon, divided the genus into seven sections, 
all but one of which live on the islands of the Sunda region and 
so do not concern us. His fourth section, with which we are 
concerned, was subdivided into eight groups ; only two of those, 
the T. belangeri and T. glis groups, are continental. 
Notes on a Javan species give some idea of the behavior of 
these interesting little creatures. "A confiding, simple little 
animal, always in motion, seeking its food at one time among 
dry leaves and moss on the ground, again on the stems and 
branches of trees, poking its nose into every crevice. Its nest is 
formed of moss at some height from the ground." 
