26 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
edge of the South China faunal area and extends through Indo- 
China, Laos, Burma, and Assam, along a foothills zone just 
above the tropical area. In China it is represented intermittently 
as a narrow strip along the south coast. It is present on 
Hainan. In Annam it follows the Annamitic Chain south to the 
Langbian Peaks and the Bolovens Plateau. A small "island" of 
this zone appears on the Perak and Kedah Hills of the lower 
Malay Peninsula. The vegetation is modified tropical, with a 
mixture of conifers. 
The mammals more or less characteristic of the area include : 
some of the Tree-shrews (Tupaia), the Lesser Gymnure (Hy- 
lomys), several species of Tube-nosed Bats {Murina), the 
Harlequin Bat, and Pratt's Horseshoe Bat (also in the hills 
of Perak), some Langurs (Trachypithecus) , the Callosciurus 
sladeni and quinquestriatus groups of Squirrels (in part), the 
Spotted and other Giant Flying Squirrels, some Bamboo Rats, 
the Marmoset Mice (Hapalomys), the Acanthion Porcupines, 
Fea's Muntjak, and the Roosevelt Muntjak. The foregoing are 
in addition to a large number of tropical species that extend 
southward to the Sunda Islands. 
In Annam, Laos, and Tonkin there is a small group of re- 
stricted species typified by the Douc Langurs and the Crested 
Gibbons that reappear in Hainan. 
The Tropical or Malay Faunal Area, including all of 
the remainder of our territory and represented southeast across 
the equator almost to northern Australia, has been divided into 
several subareas of which we need regard only those of the 
mainland. Those divisions are relatively weak and inconclusive 
because they depend upon imperfect barriers based chiefly on 
low hills and comparatively small differences of temperature and 
rainfall. 
Faunistic subdivisions of the tropical area of Burma, Indo- 
China, and Malaya include: the Annamitic Chain of Annam; 
the coastal Elephant Chain of Cambodia ; the swampy savanna- 
