24 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
Northern types are Birch Mice, Sicista, Apodemus, Red-backed 
Vole, Micro tus, and Eurasian Flying Squirrel. Southern animals 
include White-cheeked Tree Squirrel, Yellow-bellied Rat, 
White-toothed Shrews, Pipistrellus abr annus, Rhinolophus, 
Chrysopteron, Murina, Nyctinomus, Stump-tailed Macaques 
(Japan and South China). Gerbils enter from the Gobi 
Desert area. Animals with wider distribution comprise several 
carnivores and ungulates, and the Tolai Hare. As endemics one 
may list River Deer (Hydropotes), David's Deer, the Grooved- 
toothed Flying Squirrel, and the Japanese Dormouse. 
The Gobi Desert Faunal Area is properly beyond the 
scope of this book. Offshoots of its mammal fauna such as 
Gerbils just reach the western edge of the North China area 
under consideration. 
The South China Faunal Area, if its area of overlap 
with the North China area is neglected, reaches its northern limit 
approximately at the Yangtse River, on the 34th parallel. 
Farther west the boundary approximates the Ch'in-ling Range 
and it extends southward throughout the hill country of south- 
ern China almost to the seacoast; it includes part of Formosa, 
southern Honshu, and Kiushu, Japan. To the west it passes 
imperceptibly into the Western Highlands. The higher parts of 
its mountain ranges may be occupied by faunal outposts of the 
same Western Highlands. It should be pictured as continued as 
a narrow belt around the mountain sides of Tonkin, northern 
Laos, northern Siam, and Burma to the Himalayas, at altitudes 
between 3000 and 6000 feet. The vegetation is subtropical 
mixed evergreen and coniferous forest. 
Of the mammals listed below few are completely restricted 
to this area, but they do not extend far beyond its limits. They 
include the Moles of genus Euroscaptor, some White-toothed 
Shrews, the Harlequin Bat (Scotomanes), several Horseshoe 
Bats (Rhinolophus macro tis group and R. rex) and Roundleaf 
Horseshoe Bats (Hipposideros armiger and pratti), the Snub- 
