Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 87 
Shan States and P. raptor from Tonkin. Both are dark brown, 
with the forearms about 1% inches. 
Pipistrellus savii group, in the Orient, comprises several spe- 
cies not strictly typical, including P. cadornce and austeniamis, 
both from Assam, with the lengths of the forearms 1% inches. 
These two may be identical to one another. 
Pipistrellus circumdatus group, containing only the species 
P. circumdatus, is unusually large for a Pipistrelle ; the forearm 
is about 1% inches long. The color is very dark slaty brown 
with the tip of each hair of the back bronze. The animal was dis- 
covered in Java. Either a close relative or the identical species 
has been found recently in upper Burma. 
Pipistrellus cmnectens of Assam, a unique Bat, forms a group 
by itself. The length of the forearm is 1% inches. The distin- 
guishing characters consist, however, in minute anatomical fea- 
tures of the teeth and skull. 
Pipistrellus joffrei group, the largest Pipistrellus, and the 
most like Nyctalus (the Noctule Bats), comprise joffrei from 
Kachin Hills, anthonyi from Northern Burma, and two forms 
respectively from Sumatra and Borneo. Both of the former 
have very wide muzzles and the forearms about 1% inches 
long. Incidentally, the largest known Pipistrelle, found in Aus- 
tralia and Tasmania, has the forearm a shade less than 2 inches 
long. 
Like Myotis, many of the kinds of Pipistrelles live in colonies, 
concealed in the roofs of houses or in hollow trees. In the Old 
World form, P. pipistrellus pipistrellus, but one young one is 
born at a birth; in P. p. bactrianus twins are commonly pro- 
duced. The food consists of tiny flying insects. The genus is 
poorly represented in America. 
The Noctules, genus Nyctalus, of our area are all rather 
large reddish brown Bats, much resembling large red Pipis- 
trelles. The length of the forearm in the species of the Orient 
varies from 2 to 2% inches. The best-known Noctule is the 
