86 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
with the hooked burs of burdock plants and dying there. One or 
two young are produced. The Bats hide by day in small colonies 
in hollow trees and attics. They begin hibernation in Russia 
about the middle of September. 
The Pipistrelles, genus Pipistrellus, like the Mouse-ear Bats, 
Myotis, comprise a vast array of species and races, of which no 
more than a rapid survey can be given here. Pipistrelles look 
much like Myotis but have shorter muzzles in company with 
their smaller number of teeth. They may be colored blackish, 
brown, red, or, in desert regions, gray-brown. They have pro- 
duced no such contrastingly colored forms as the subgenus 
Chrysopteron in Myotis. 
Pipistrellus abramus group is a medium-sized (forearm 1% 
to 1% inches), gray-brown Oriental group found from Japan 
and Formosa through China and Burma to the Sunda Islands. 
Pipistrellus coromandrus group, smaller than the foregoing 
(forearm 1% to l 1 /^ inches) are tiny dark brown Bats found 
from India, Burma, and the Malay Peninsula to south China 
(Hainan). One race even occurs on the Bonin (Volcano) 
Islands. They inhabit fairly warm, low regions. 
Pipistrellus tenuis group, the smallest of all, with forearms 
only l 1 / i2 to 1% inches in length, occurs only in the extreme 
south of our area, from India to Assam, Annam, and probably 
in the Malay Peninsula. These are also dark brown (grayish 
brown in the dry parts of western India). 
Pipistrellus affinis group includes affinis from Burma, pul- 
veratus from Fukien, and lophurus from Tenasserim. Pipistrel- 
lus affinis is dark, with the lower ventral area (where the hind 
legs join the body) white; the length of forearm is 1% inches. 
Pipistrellus pulveratus of Fukien and Yunnan is dusty brown; 
its forearm measures 1% inches. Pipistrellus lophurus, very 
imperfectly known, is described as "warm bister . . ." 
Pipistrellus ceylonicus group, though characteristically from 
southern India, has relatives in Burma : P. shanorum from the 
