Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 145 
along the sides and across the rump to meet the one of the oppo- 
site side in front of the base of the tail. There are whitish marks 
on the throat and chest. The species is circumpolar. In eastern 
Asia it occurs from near the Arctic Ocean (e.g., the Kolyma 
River), south to Lake Baikal, northern Manchuria, and almost 
to Vladivostok. It is found in the northern half of Sakhalin 
Island and the eastern side of Kamchatka, but is said not quite 
to reach the east cape of Siberia. The average length of head 
and body in males is about 3 feet 5 inches (in females 3 feet 1 
inch), of the tail from 7 to 8 inches, hind foot 7 to 8 inches. The 
height at the shoulder is 1 foot. 
MARTENS AND SABLE (SUBFAMILY MARTIN^) 
From the Weasel subfamily, which they resemble very closely, 
the Martens are distinguished by having 4 premolars instead of 
3, and, in general, by their somewhat larger size and less short- 
ened legs. The feet are furred beneath. Only the genera Martes 
and Charronia are contained here. 
The True Martens, genus Martes, of eastern Asia have well- 
developed ears and are about the size of a small Cat. The color 
is rather uniformly brownish with the underhair paler. There 
is a distinct vertical groove dividing the center of the upper lip. 
The typical species is the Pine Marten of Europe, Martes 
martes. In America this genus is represented by the Fisher and 
the American Marten. 
The Beech or Stone Marten, Martes foina, of central and 
southern Europe, is distinguished from M. martes by its coarser 
slaty fur, longer tail, and whitish; instead of yellow, throat 
patch, as well as certain characters of the teeth. Its eastward 
range is much greater; it occurs in the evergreen forests of 
Mongolia, and in Chihli and Shansi, China. The length of the 
head and body is about 18 inches, of the tail lO 1 /^ inches, hind 
foot 3% inches. 
