108 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
a large gland on the forehead behind the noseleaves. Another 
distinguishing character, easily seen in captive living specimens 
held in the hand, is the reduction of the number of joints in the 
toes of the hind feet from three to two. Furthermore, one of the 
small premolar teeth of the lower jaw present in Rhinolophus, 
is absent in Hipposideros. The general appearance of many of 
the Bats of the Hipposiderinse is very much like that of the 
Rhinolophinse, and Bats of both sorts may sometimes be found 
in the same cave. 
Besides the large central genus Hipposidcros (Greek: 
"horse," "iron" ; and hence "horseshoe"), members of a second 
related small genus, Aselliscus, are found in southeastern Asia. 
Hipposideros breaks up into a number of main divisions, some 
showing greater or less specialization than others. Aselliscus 
can be thought of as one of those divisions which have become 
sufficiently specialized to warrant receiving a distinguishing 
name. 
The Round-leaf Horseshoe Bats, genus Hipposideros (Fig. 
22), vary in size from little species with the forearm only l 1 /^ 
inches long to rather large Bats having the length of the forearm 
almost 3% inches. Most are colored some shade of brown, but 
some (H. diadema of the East Indies) are gray, marked along 
the sides of the back and on the face with white. Distinctive char- 
acters are seen, as in Rhinolophus, in the form of the nasal ap- 
pendages. In one group (H. pratti) the size of the posterior 
noseleaf is dependent upon the sex of the animal. The geographi- 
cal distribution of Hipposideros is substantially the same as that 
of Rhinolophus, chiefly the warmer parts of Asia and Africa. 
Of the eleven major subdivisions of Hipposideros, six are 
represented in southeastern Asia. They are: H. bicolor group, 
comprising very small (forearm 1% to 1% inches) gray or red 
Bats with ears scarcely pointed ; H. galeritus group, composed 
of small (forearm 1% to l%o inches) gray, rarely red Bats 
with ears strongly hook-pointed; H. pratti group, containing 
