no Mammals of Eastern Asia 
The Common Sac-bearing Horseshoe Bats, the H. speoris 
group, typically South Asiatic and African, have a representa- 
tive species, H. larvatus, in southeastern Asia, which is widely 
distributed. One of the easiest characters by which larvatus 
(and its geographical races) can be distinguished from other 
species is by the pronounced cleft at the middle of the front 
edge of the horseshoe, just above the upper lip. This Bat is 
larger than either bicolor or galcritus, its forearm measuring 
from 2% to 2% inches, but is smaller than any of the Bats of 
the genus yet to be mentioned. The color is usually dark brown, 
though a red phase occurs. It is represented geographically as 
follows: H. larvatus leptophylla (=?grandis) from the Irra- 
waddy Valley, H. larvatus larvatus from the Malay Pen- 
insula to Tonkin, and H. larvatus poutensis from Hainan 
Island. 
The speoris group is rarely found above 1000 feet. Both Hip- 
po sideros speoris of India and H. larvatus live in caves, as the 
name of the first indicates. 
Pratt's Round-leaf Horseshoe Bat, H. pratti, is perhaps 
the most peculiar of all the species of Hipposideros. It is un- 
usual because it shows extreme sexual dimorphism in relation 
to the form and size of the posterior noseleaf. It is a large, red- 
dish brown Bat with dark membranes, having the forearm 
measurement 3% to 3% inches. Typical pratti is found in caves 
in Chekiang, Fukien, Tonkin, Szechwan, and Hunan. A geo- 
graphical race, H. p. lylei, is known from northern Siam and 
from the mountainous parts of the lower Malay Peninsula. 
The Armor-bearer Horseshoe Bat, H. armiger, is a species 
almost as large as H. pratti. Its English name has no particular 
significance. The color, dark brown (there is also a red phase), 
is not dissimilar to that of Pratt's Horseshoe Bat. But the nose- 
leaf is proportionately small and there is no great difference in 
the size of the sexes. A frontal gland is present. Hipposideros 
armiger and H. pratti raay often be found in the same cave. 
