Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 115 
and 16 inches respectively, and weighed 17 pounds. The Pango- 
lin of the mainland, M. p. dalmanni, is slightly smaller than 
either the Hainan Island race pusilla or the Formosan Pangolin. 
One or sometimes two young ones are produced in the spring 
in a brood chamber at the bottom of a burrow from 8 to 12 
feet in depth. The young ride on the back of the mother. Pango- 
lins are good climbers as well as expert diggers, and ascend high 
trees in order to tear open the nests of arboreal termites. The 
only offensive action possible is rapid switching with the tail 
so that the sharp edges of the scales may wound an aggressor. 
In Burma the natives believe it unlucky to meet a Pangolin ; 
in China the scales of these mammals are valued for medicine. 
The Malay Pangolin, Paramanis javanica, is distinguished 
from the Chinese Pangolin by development of a fairly promi- 
nent ridge representing the external ear, instead of the very 
slight ridge seen in M. pentadactyla. It resembles the Chinese 
species and differs from Phatages of the Indian peninsula and 
Ceylon, by having a non-scaly pad beneath the tip of the tail. 
The length of the head and body is 20 inches, tail 15% inches, 
hind foot without the claws 3 inches. 
The range extends through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra, 
Java, Borneo, and Philippines ; to the northeast it reaches north- 
ern Siam, Laos, Annam, and Cochin-China. 
In the Malay Peninsula the Malay Pangolin is often found 
in open sandy country making large burrows (Ridley). Flower 
tells a Malay story to the effect that it lies on the ground and 
raises its scales. Ants, believing it dead, swarm over it, where- 
upon it snaps down its scales, runs to a pond and drowns the 
ants, afterward making a meal <y£ them. 
THE FLYING LEMURS ( ORDER DERMOPTERA) 
(family cynocephalim:) 
This extraordinary type of gliding mammal is an example 
of a "living fossil." The Order Dermoptera contains but two 
