Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 117 
species, Cynocephalus variegatus and the Philippine form, phil- 
ippinensis, which belong to the single family, the Cynocepha- 
lidae. Their relationship to other kinds of mammals undoubt- 
edly harks back to the remote geological past. 
The shapes of the skull and teeth are somewhat like those 
of certain lemurs, whence the expression "Flying Lemur.'* But 
by developing the parachutes connecting together its neck, sides, 
and tail, and even the tips of its fingers, this creature has de- 
parted far from the Order Primates, to which the lemurs be- 
long. Probably the broad comb-like form of the lower front 
teeth (in the upper jaw there is only one tiny front tooth each 
side) also suggested a superficial likeness to real lemurs. The 
resemblance, however, is superficial, for the "comb" of the Fly- 
ing Lemurs is really quite different, resulting from the subdi- 
vision of each single true tooth into as many as 12 comb-teeth. 
In a true lemur each comb-tooth is an actual tooth — a very dif- 
ferent arrangement. Flying Lemurs are believed by some to be 
co-ancestral with the bats. 
The Malay Flying Lemur, Cynocephalus variegatus penin- 
sula, is the mainland representative of this unique but variable 
species, which has received about a dozen subspecific names on 
the many East Indian islands upon which it occurs. The main- 
land form is found through the Malay Peninsula into lower 
Burma and east to Cochin-China. 
The adult is variably mottled with shades of brown in males ; 
females are gray, sometimes very pale gray. Widely spaced, 
small white spots are scattered over all the upper surface of the 
body except the shoulders and the membranes. The underside, 
colored a paler tone than the upper side, is unspotted. 
In juveniles from Burma there is a distinct pattern of soft 
grays, browns, and blacks, which results in a close resemblance 
to the bark of certain trees. Pale areas, edged with black, extend 
from the cheeks onto the neck ; a second pale area occupies ap- 
proximately the position of each shoulder blade; a third runs 
from the thigh to the knee. The top of the head, the back, and 
