134 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
parts whitish. The face and ears are flesh-colored, and the cal- 
losities red. The length of the head and body is about 2 feet, of 
the tail 13 inches, of the foot 5% inches. 
The type region of the Rhesus Monkey was fixed by Pocock 
in 1932 as the Nepal Terai, northern India. The Rhesus, reach- 
ing an altitude of 10,000 feet in Kashmir, extends eastward 
through Assam, Burma, Siam, Laos, Annam, Tonkin, China, 
to Fukien and Formosa. The form found in Szechwan at 13,000 
feet is named lasiotis (hairy-eared). Other forms, M. m. siamica 
of Siam, and the larger M. assamensis of Assam and Yunnan, 
with the fur nearly uniform brown, have been recognized, as 
well as the shorter-tailed (9 inches) coolidgei from northern 
Annam. Both of the latter occur between 3000 and 6000 feet 
above sea-level. 
The doubtfully valid form on Hainan Island, M. brevicau- 
datus, has the tail somewhat shorter than the Rhesus and is 
more reddish. The Formosan Rhesus, M. cyclopsis, which lives 
in rocky places, is colored olive-brown, the feet and hands gray- 
ish, the top of the tail nearly black above. Its head and body 
measure from 15 to 16 inches, its tail 13 to 18 inches, its foot 
5 to 6 inches. Macaques occur in the mountains of Tchili and 
in Hopei. 
Rhesus Monkeys in the wild live in large groups. They are 
good swimmers, noisy, and pugnacious. Near Simla, India, they 
do considerable damage to gardens. 
The Pig-tailed Macaques, Macaca nemestrina, have the tail 
slender, about one-third the length of the body, and carried 
erect. The face, ears, and callosities are bare. The pelage is 
brownish black all along the back and to the tip of the tail. The 
neck and the back of the head are mixed red and black; the 
crown of the head is black but its sides are reddish buff. The 
underparts are yellowish or grayish white. The arms and legs, 
hands and feet, and the underside of the tail are reddish yellow. 
The young are more brightly colored than the adults. 
