Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 137 
paler. The length of the head and body is 28 inches (less in 
females), foot about 5% inches. This Macaque is found in 
Yakushima, Japan, north to lat. N. 41°. 
THE MAN-LIKE APES (SUBORDER ANTHROPOIDEA) 
The man-like Primates comprise the Gorillas, Chimpanzees, 
and Orang-outans or ' 'Great Apes," and the peculiarly long- 
armed Gibbons. 
All are tailless, long-armed brachiating (able to swing by 
their arms) animals. They have no cheek pouches. The stomach 
is simple, not complicated as in the Langurs. Some anthropoids 
at least have the ability to construct sleeping platforms and 
exhibit a relatively high degree of intelligence. 
None of the Great Apes lives today on the mainland of Asia, 
although in Pleistocene time large Apes existed in northern 
India, and the Orang-outan is still found in Sumatra and Bor- 
neo. On the other hand, southeastern Asia is the headquarters 
of the Gibbon family. 
THE GIBBONS (FAMILY HYLOBATID^) 
Here is contained the single genus Hylobates (meaning "tree- 
walker"), in which the arms are proportionately greatly length- 
ened. The hands are longer than the feet ; the forearm is longer 
than the upper arm; the body is relatively light and the hind 
limbs are short. Swinging by the arms is brought to a high 
degree of perfection, for the animals swing themselves across 
wide gaps among the branches of trees and seldom descend to 
the ground. On the occasions when Gibbons do descend, they 
are able to run quite swiftly on their hind legs, with the arms 
held up out of the way. They possess small hard pads of naked 
skin to sit upon, like the Monkeys and Baboons, but lack cheek 
pouches. Their voices are extraordinarily powerful. 
