160 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
30 inches. Wolves weigh not less than 36 pounds ; Jackals not 
more than 25 pounds. 
The Wolves, Ccmis lupus, ranged originally over practically 
the whole of the northern hemisphere, reaching even the Indian 
Peninsula but apparently fail to penetrate the Burmese- 
Indo-Chinese Peninsula, though they are found in southern 
China. Their southern limit in North America is Mexico. 
The South Asiatic or Chinese Wolf, Cams I. chanco, orig- 
inally from Chinese Tatary, is pale brownish, with a strong 
mixture of gray and black hairs. The head is grayish, with short 
black and gray hairs on the forehead. The inner side of the 
limbs and the belly are white or buffy white. The range of this 
Wolf includes all of Mongolia, northern Korea, and most of 
China. In parts of this area in China it is scarce; it still occurs 
in Shantung and Hopei but is rare near Pekin. It is more or 
less common (Sowerby) in parts of Fukien, Kwangtung, and 
Kwangsi. The Wolves of these southern provinces are said to 
hunt singly or in very small groups. Westward this race extends 
into the Himalayas. 
The Siberian Wolf, Canis lupus dybowskii, is variably 
colored, particularly in regard to the proportions of black and 
reddish. The ears are more or less yellowish brown. These 
Wolves are locally common along the west coast of the Okhotsk 
Sea. White specimens of Wolves occur occasionally in the 
Yenisei basin. In Japan a form of Wolf has been named 
C. hodophylax. 
The Jackals, Cams aureus, sometimes separated from the 
Wolves subgenerically under the name Thos, though generally 
wolf -like in external appearance, are much smaller. The frontal 
area of the head is somewhat lower; and their geographical 
range lies more to the south, extending from southeastern 
Europe through India to Siam. The typical Jackals are found 
in Persia. The color is gray-brown, with the ears and legs buff 
or tan and the underparts whitish. The head and body measure 
