Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 161 
2 feet 6 inches to 2 feet 8 inches, the tail from 7 to 9 inches, the 
hind foot 5% to 6% inches. 
Jackals are well-known scavengers, often finishing the re- 
mains of kills by Tigers and Leopards. They hunt singly or in 
pairs, and may attack lambs and poultry. They utter their 
peculiar yelping howl just after dark and before dawn. The time 
of gestation varies from 60 to 63 days. Three or 4 pups are born 
in a chamber at the end of a burrow or in some natural grotto. 
The Himalayan Jackal, C. a. indicus, found along the 
Himalayas from 600 to 12,000 feet, extends into Assam, 
Burma, and Siam. The tail is usually somewhat longer than that 
of the Persian Jackal. The color is richer and darker, contain- 
ing mixtures of black and of tan. 
The Asiatic Wild or Red Dogs, Caon alpinus, are at once 
distinguished from Wolves, Jackals, and Foxes by having one 
less molar tooth in the lower jaw. Externally they can be recog- 
nized by the bright reddish color of the coat and by their shorter, 
more rounded ears. The frontal region of the head is inflated, 
as in Canis, sometimes to a marked degree. The legs are rather 
short. The typical species is Cuon primcevus (= alpinus) of 
Nepal in the Himalayas. This may be equal specifically to the 
C. javanicus, described some years earlier. 
Wild Dogs hunt in large packs, even attacking animals as 
large as Sambar, Banting, and Gaur. They have been known to 
drive Leopards from their kills. The number of nipples may be 
as many as 16. The period of gestation is about 70 days 
(Pocock), and from 2 to 7 pups are born. The young at birth 
are colored dusky gray. 
The range of Cuon includes central and eastern Asia from 
the Altai Mountains, Manchuria, and Amur south to the 
Indian and Malay Peninsulas. It is found also on Sumatra and 
Java. The typical race is found in the Amur district of Siberia 
(type locality restricted by Pocock). In northeast China Asiatic 
Wild Dogs are said to be extinct. The representative in south 
