Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 167 
color is yellowish white, the coat very dense and long, the feet 
heavily haired, the ears rounded and rather low. The neck is 
unusually long, the head in profile very flat. The length of head 
and body in full-grown males varies from 8% feet to 9 feet ; the 
height at the shoulder is 4% feet; the weight may reach 1500 
to 1600 pounds. 
Polar Bears, which are expert swimmers, occur all along the 
coast of the Arctic Ocean and have been recorded in the Pacific 
as far south as the mouth of the Amur River (Schrank). Polar 
Bears are believed not to hibernate. Two young are born. The 
food consists chiefly of the flesh of seals, walrus, porpoise, fish, 
and sometimes the meat of stranded whales. 
The True Bears, genus Ursus, typified by the Eurasian 
Brown Bear, Ursus arctos, are distinguished from the Sloth 
Bears and Malay Bears by the wrist pads of the forefoot. These 
are quite small and are reduced to a larger external pad and a 
small internal pad, both approximately the size of the finger pads 
instead of being very large, and, taken together, almost equal 
in size to the palmar pad (the main pad of the front part of 
the palm). There is no such marked distinction in the hind feet. 
Other well-marked identifying characters are based on the form 
of the ear and the nostrils. The True Bears are distinguished 
from the Sloth Bear by the presence on the forefoot of thick 
hair separating the finger pads from the palmar pad and the 
palmar pad from the wrist pads, that area being virtually naked 
in the Sloth Bear. In this last, too, the lips are markedly pro- 
trusible. 
The Eurasian Brown Bears, Ursus arctos, comprise black 
as well as brown-colored Bears. They include the races U. a. 
lasiotus (= mandchuricus) of Manchuria; the Japanese Bear, 
U. a. yesoensis of Japan; the "Blue Bear" U. a. pruinosus, of 
Tibet and Kansu ; and the "Red Bear," £7. a. isabettinus, of the 
Himalayas. In Siberia various races that may not differ very 
markedly from each other have been named : U. a. yeniseensis, 
from the basin of the Yenisei River; U. a. baikalensis, from 
