Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 311 
heavily built body, more or less clad in coarse hair ; and the nar- 
row, four-toed feet in which the two central toes are used for 
walking, while the two lateral ones, reaching the ground only 
in mud-holes where the feet sink deep, are nearly useless. The 
tail is rather short. 
The teeth are numerous and large. The crowns of the molars 
bear a series of conical tubercles, which do not wear down into 
crescents. The upper canines tend to turn outward and upward. 
Both upper and lower canines, by wearing against each other, 
maintain razor-sharp lateral edges. Horns or antlers are never 
developed. The animals normally feed on leaves, fruits, roots, 
tubers, and bulbs, grubbing up the last three with their strong, 
flexible snouts. They are not ruminants. They have a charac- 
teristic smell. Large litters of young are born. The young, like 
those of tapirs, are in most cases patterned with a distinctive 
brown and black striping running more or less lengthwise, a 
color scheme that is lost as they mature. 
The African Hippopotami and the American Peccaries, 
though related to the True Pigs, belong in separate subfamilies. 
The genus Sus alone occurs in our area. That quaint-looking 
relative of Sus, the Babirussa, is found only on Celebes and the 
Moluccas. 
The True Pigs, genus Sus, include all the pig-like animals of 
eastern Asia. It is usual to regard Oriental Sus as divided into 
not more than four species : the Northern Wild Pig, Sus scrofa 
and its races ; the Japanese Wild Pig, S. leucomystax, believed 
by some to be related to the Indian Wild Pig, but possibly only 
an island race of S. scrofa; the Crested or Indian Wild Pig, 
^S". cristatus ; and the Bearded Pig, 3\ barbatus. 
The "Pigmy Pigs" of the Terai and Sikkim, which Hodgson 
named Porcula salvania, may be only juvenal specimens of the 
Indian Boar. The skull figured by him was so young that the 
last molar was not erupted. On the other hand, this alleged 
species was reported to be colored dark brown, unstriped, and 
