322 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
chestnut-brown areas, connecting above, appear on each side of 
the muzzle. The forehead is chestnut, and the same color sur- 
rounds each eye. There are white hairs on the upper and lower 
lips. The area at and behind the shoulders and behind the ridge 
of the back may be gray, perhaps due to wearing of the blackish 
tips of the hairs. This fact may account for the name, Gray Ox. 
In females and young the skin is reputed to be entirely gray. 
The hoofs are black, the hind ones unusually slender for cattle. 
The length of head and body in bulls is approximately 8 feet, 
of the tail 3 feet 5 inches. 
It has been suggested that the Kouprey may be partly an- 
cestral to the Zebu or humped Indian Cattle. 
THE GOAT-ANTELOPES (SUBFAMILY RUPICAPRIN^) 
The three genera belonging in this subfamily agree broadly 
with their inclusive name. They really appear to be about half- 
way between a Goat and an Antelope. More heavily built than 
the local Antelopes and Gazelles, they have heavier, broader 
hoofs, and their horns, which carry fine narrow horny rings 
narrowly spaced, originate close to each other on the top of the 
skull (afterward diverging in Budorcas). Other well-known 
members of this subfamily are the Chamois of Europe and the 
American Rocky Mountain Goat. The three genera here in- 
cluded are the Serows, Capricomis, the Gorals, Ncemorhedus, 
and the Takins, Budorcas. 
The Serows, genus Capricomis, have the horns thick at the 
base, somewhat divergent, slightly curved backward, and only 
about half as long as the head. Anteorbital and foot glands are 
developed. Four nipples are present. 
There are two main types of Serows : large animals weighing 
nearly 200 pounds and standing 36 to 38 inches high at the 
shoulder, with heavy neck mane, large ears, thin coat, and mod- 
erately bushy tail ; and small animals, about 22 inches at the 
