324 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
with the horns slightly convergent. Osgood records specimens 
from Tonkin, Annam, and Laos. The head and body are black- 
ish, the lower parts of the legs and the rump tawny. Stripes along 
the jaws are colored mixed tawny and white. 
The Japanese and Formosan Serows, two races of Capri- 
cornis crispus, are small Serows with thin manes and harsh, crisp 
coats containing much woolly underfur. The color in the Japa- 
nese race varies from blackish gray to reddish brown, with the 
underparts whitish, the cheeks white, and the legs blackish 
brown. The Formosan race, C. c. swinhoei, is blackish brown 
with a narrow nape stripe, the forelegs black in front, the hind 
legs light brown, the chin and throat patch yellowish brown. 
Temminck gives the total length of the Japanese Serow as 2 
feet 8 inches, the tail as 1% inches. 
The Gorals, genus Ncemorhedus, are generally smaller than 
the Serows. The suborbital gland is obsolescent, though its posi- 
tion is marked by a patch of nearly naked skin. Gorals are dis- 
tinguished from Serows by their lack of face glands. There are 
foot glands but no inguinal glands. The short horns are turned 
backward and then slightly downward. There are 4 nipples. 
Allen recognizes but a single species, Noemorhediis goral. The 
Gorals are mountain dwellers ranging from the Himalayas to 
Amur in southern Siberia. The typical form N. g. goral, a native 
of Himalayas, has the length of the tail only 3 inches, a black 
stripe on the forelegs from the knees to the fetlocks, and a white 
patch on the throat. 
Gorals in small groups of from four to eight individuals are 
most often found on rugged, grassy hills or rocky ground in 
forest. They utter a hissing sound when frightened. A single 
kid is born. 
The West China Goral, N. goral griseus, has the white 
throat patch bordered with pale orange and extending nearly 
to the lips, and the general body color pale gray with the base 
of the tail brown. The length of the tail is greater than in the 
