Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 327 
The species of Sheep include the Mouflon or European Wild 
Sheep; the ''Red Sheep" of western Asia and the Island of 
Cyprus; the Urial of Transcaspia, Afghanistan, and the Indian 
Punjab; the Bighorns and other American Sheep; and the 
Argali, Ovis amnion, with its several races. The Argali Wild 
Sheep and one of the American Sheep are the only two species 
coming within the scope of this book. Domestic Sheep are 
thought to be derived from the Mouflon. 
The Argali and East Asiatic Wild Sheep, Ovis amnion, are 
usually very large; some races stand as high as 4 feet at the 
shoulders. The horns are wrinkled and normal — that is to say, 
the right horn describes a right-handed spiral. The tips turn 
sharply outward. The facial glands and the lacrymal pits near 
the inner corner of the eye are large. The tail is very short, 
about 3 inches. There is considerable seasonal change of the 
fleece, both in density and in color. 
A number of races of Ovis amnion, including the famous 
Marco Polo Sheep, have been recorded from the mountains of 
central Asia. The most southerly race is 0. a. hodgsoni of Nepal. 
In western Kamchatka occurs a race, O. a. storcki, "small and 
very imperfectly known." 0. a. darvini (= jubata) is found 
from the Altai Mountains to Mongolia. 
The American Sheep, Ovis canadensis, of which the Big- 
horn and Dall's Sheep are well-known representatives, are dis- 
tinguished by Lydekker from the Argali group by having the 
horns, apart from the growth rings, smoothish instead of wrin- 
kled, and the face glands small. This character of the horns is 
difficult to appreciate and in practice may not hold. These Sheep 
are possibly represented in the extreme north of eastern Asia 
by two races, Ovis canadensis nivicola in eastern Kamchatka, 
and 0. c. borealis, found in the Verhoyansk and Byrrhanga 
Mountains of Siberia. Sowerby states that nivicola occurs in the 
Amur region. 
0. c. borealis has the winter pelage light gray-brown, slightly 
