Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 339 
slender main beam. The audital capsules of the skull are un- 
usually large. 
The Hog Deer of the mainland of Asia, H. porcinus, is found 
from India through Burma to Tenasserim, Siam, Annam, and 
Cochin-China. There are two races : H. p. porcinus, found from 
India to Burma, which usually has the coat of adults spotted 
during the summer, and H. p. annamiticus of Siam, Cambodia, 
Annam, and Cochin-China, the pelage of which remains uni- 
formly colored at all seasons. The normal winter color is red- 
dish brown or yellowish brown, appearing slightly speckled or 
grizzled on account of the pale hair tips. The spots in the Indian 
race may be restricted to one or two rows on each side. The 
young are fully spotted for six months. A relative occurs in the 
Philippines. Hog Deer are unsocial ; more than two or three are 
rarely seen together. 
The Sambar Deer, subgenus Rusa, of the Asiatic mainland, 
may all be treated as races of the species Cervus unicolor. There 
are relatives elsewhere which are sometimes considered species, 
such as the Spotted Deer of the Philippines, alfredi, the little 
kuhlii of Bawean Island, and the timoriensis group ; but in rela- 
tion to the present work these Deer are extralimital. In general, 
the island forms are small. 
The typical and the largest of the races of Sambar s is the 
Indian Sambar, C. u. unicolor. Next largest to that comes the 
Eastern Sambar, C. u. equinus, first recorded from Sumatra but 
distributed also through the Malay Peninsula, Burma, Assam, 
Kachar (in which last two regions the fawns are spotted), and 
northeast into Cambodia, Laos, Cochin-China, southern China, 
Hainan, and Formosa. A race frdm Szechwan known as S. u. 
dejeani occurs also in Yunnan, and probably in Burma. It is 
found at altitudes between 4000 and 14,000 feet. 
In the Sambars the antlers are three-pointed, like the Hog 
Deer, but the brow tine comes off from the rough, corrugated 
beam at a wider angle. The coloring of the coat is uniformly 
