34 2 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
The Japanese Sika, C. nippon nippon, the first Deer of this 
kind ever described, is not one of the larger races. The height 
at the shoulder varies from 32 to 34 inches. The spots in this 
form disappear in the winter. The white rump area is large and 
conspicuous. There is a white metatarsal tuft. 
Father David's Deer, subgenus Elaphurus, with the single 
species Cervus davidianus, is reported to be now little more than 
a memory in its native land of China. It was obtained originally 
from the gardens of the Summer Palace at Pekin, by the French 
missionary naturalist, Armand David. It has not been known 
wild within the recorded memory of man. Its original range is 
reputed to have been northern China or perhaps Manchuria. 
Small colonies have been established from time to time in Eng- 
land. Its fossil remains are recorded from Japan. 
This is a large Deer, with suborbital glands present but no 
foot glands. The lateral hoofs are large. The long slender antlers 
have the brow tine unusually high and forked once or twice. 
The summer coat is grayish red; in winter it is nearly uniform 
grayish buff, becoming whitish posteriorly. There are both neck 
and throat manes. The young are spotted. The height at the 
shoulder in adults is about 45 inches. 
Schomburgk's Deer and the Thamin or Eld's Deer, both 
members of the subgenus Rucervus, are restricted as a group to 
southern Asia. Only the Thamin reaches extreme southern 
China and Hainan. 
Rucervus are large Deer with flattened or rounded antlers, 
widely forked into a forward projecting brow tine and a back- 
wardly projecting main beam. Both brow tine and main beam 
are forked again, and the latter is often provided with a number 
of supplementary tines. The brow tine may form a continuous 
curve with the beam (Thamin). A third species, the Swamp 
Deer of India, C. duvanceli, belongs to Rucervus. The color of 
these Deer is relatively uniform ; no well-defined rump patch is 
seen. Suborbital glands are present but no glands are found on 
the pasterns. The subgenus is related to Rusa. 
