334 Mammals of Eastern Asia 
on the inner side of the base of each antler is a short tine. The 
pedicels in females are represented by short bony processes, 
each covered with a tuft of bristly hair. The lateral hoofs are 
rudimentary or wanting. The young have white spots (except 
possibly in M. fece and M. crinifrons). 
Four species of Muntjaks need be considered here : the typical 
Indian Muntjak, Mimtiaciis muntjak; the Reeves' or Chinese 
Muntjak, M. reevesi of central China ; the Black Muntjak, M. 
crinifrons, confined to a small area in Chekiang, south of the 
mouth of the Yangtse River; and Fea's Muntjak, M. fees, from 
Tenasserim. In M. muntjak and in M. reevesi frontal glands are 
present and the top of the tail is red ; in M. crinifrons and M. 
fece the frontal glands are reputed sometimes to be absent and 
the top of the tail is black. 
The Indian Muntjak, Muntiacus muntjak, originally de- 
scribed from Kangean Island, Java, is represented by a number 
of races distributed all over the Indian, Burmese, and Malayan 
areas and on many of the East Indies islands. The color of the 
Indian Muntjak varies from chestnut to tawny. There is a dark 
streak along each antler pedicel, a pale crown patch, and a gray 
area on the nape; the underparts are white. The height at the 
shoulder is from 20 to 22 inches; the tail is about 7 inches 
long. 
The most widespread of the mainland races of the Indian 
Muntjak is M. m. vaginalis, found from Bengal through Burma 
to Indo-China and Tonkin; it reaches Yunnan in southwest 
China. An island race, M. m. nigripes, with blackish instead of 
reddish legs, occurs on Hainan. This Muntjak occurs also in 
northern Annam, presenting a type of distribution similar to 
that of the crested gibbon. In southern Annam and Cochin- 
China the local race is M. m. annamensis; the name M. m. 
peninsulcB is applied to the Barking Deer of the Malay Peninsula. 
There are two or three additional local races of doubtful val- 
idity. 
