Descriptions of East Asiatic Mammals 337 
The winter pelage is rough and shaggy and the white rump 
patch extends a short way onto the flanks. 
The Manchurian Roe Deer, C. c. bedfordi (= mantschuri- 
cus Noack, Humboldt) has more the appearance of the Euro- 
pean race. In summer it is strongly reddish dorsally, buffy on 
the chest, and white on the underparts. The ears are blackish 
buff with black edges, the insides white. The winter color is a 
mixture of bufT and dark brown, the face, chest, and legs 
tawny, the large rump patch white. The throat is whitish, the 
underparts of the body and tail are buffy to whitish. The length 
of the hind foot of a Korean specimen is given by Kuroda as 
13% inches. 
In eastern Asia the southern range of Roe Deer is reached in 
northern Szechwan, whence it extends northeast, skirting the 
edge of Mongolia, to the coast of Hopei and Jehol. Thence it 
expands into Manchuria and east to Korea. In Siberia the north- 
ern race continues the range, probably to the northern edge of 
the temperate forest zone. 
Sowerby states that in Manchuria this Deer is often found in 
open country, on the bare hills and along the lower reaches of 
the Yalu River or the willow-grown swamps of the lower Sun- 
gari River. It is still plentiful in the forests. The mating season 
is in July. 
The True Deer of the large genus Cervus, are often repre- 
sented as six subgenera (in eastern Asia by only five). These 
are the Hog Deer, subgenus Hyelaphus; the Sambars, subgenus 
Rusa; the Sika or Japanese Deer, subgenus Sika; the Thamin, 
Eld's, and Schomburgk's Deer, subgenus Rucervits; and the Red 
Deer and its allies, subgenus Cervus (to which belong our 
American "elk"). 
The genus, taken as a whole, can be defined only with diffi- 
culty; its characters are sometimes unstable. The antlers, large 
and not palmate, comprise a basal or subbasal brow tine and at 
least two other tines ; the upper canines are quite small (absent 
