354 
Mammals of Eastern Asia 
the Brahmaputra Valley. It is mainly nocturnal and prefers 
damp or swampy ground where it makes mud wallows. The 
animal lives solitary or in very small groups. The height at the 
shoulder is about 5% feet, the weight 2 tons. The animal is 
reputed to attain an age of 50 years. The gestation period is 
about 19 months. The new-born calf weighs from 75 to 120 
pounds and stands about 2 feet at the shoulders. 
The Javan or Lesser One-horned Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros 
sondaicus, has the head smaller and the horn shorter than in 
Fig. 79. Javan Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus. 
R. unicornis. Although almost as tall, it is more lightly built. Its 
skin armor is lighter, and the rivet-like tubercles of unicornis 
are represented by many-sided scale-like disks. The folds of skin 
between the neck and shoulders on either side unite over the 
back. The horn is usually absent in females. In males it may 
reach a length along the curve of more than 10 inches. 
The original range of this Rhino includes Assam, Burma, and 
Indo-China, south through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and 
Java. By 1939, it had been reduced to scattered remnants in 
northern Indo-China, Siam, Tenasserim, the Malay Peninsula, 
south Sumatra, and west Java. The remains of a specimen 
found in the Thaton district of Burma was reported in 1943. 
