THE MUSCLES 89 



cat, in order that such superficial muscles as the platysma 

 myoides on the neck and side of the face, and occipitofrontalis, 

 may not be cut away. The skin is attached to the under- 

 lying muscles by the superficial fascia, a fibrous areolar tissue, 

 which contains the subcutaneous fat more or less abundant 

 in all specimens. The deep fascia is the fibrous and membra- 

 nous layer of dense tissue lying close against the muscles and 

 dipping down between them. The stronger parts of this fascia 

 are called aponeuroses. 



Directions for Dissection. — Dissection does not mean the 

 cutting up, but the intelligent separation of one organ from 

 another and the removing of known portions to study the 

 deeper structures more carefully. The muscles should not be 

 cut loose from their origin or insertion, but merely separated 

 from each other by cutting the deep fascia in the longitudinal 

 direction of the muscle. If it is necessary to remove a muscle 

 for displaying those beneath, it should be cut transversely in the 

 middle and the two parts reflected. No portion of a muscle 

 or other tissue should be removed without knowing what it 

 is and noticing carefully its relation to the surrounding parts. 

 The specimen under dissection should be securely nailed to 

 the tray so that the muscles are made tense. When the parts 

 become dry, they should be thoroughly wet with water. If 

 the formalin in which the specimen has been preserved is 

 irritating to the mucous membrane of the dissector, a half liter of 

 5% ammonium hydrate should be poured over the specimen. 



In the following tables most of the important muscles of the 

 cat are arranged according to their location and ease in dissec- 

 tion. Perhaps no class will have time to dissect out all of the 

 muscles here described. In most cases only those of the fore- 

 limb with such others as the instructor may assign will be all 

 that the student will have time to study carefully. The more 

 ambitious in the class may wish to work out the posterior limb 

 and compare with the anterior. This is to be encouraged. 

 The origins and insertions are given only in a very general way, 



